1564: Galileo Galilei invented a water thermometer based on the expansion and contraction of water.
1565: Regiomantanus and Johannes Stabius developed the first folding rule, a measuring device with multiple segments.
1575: Jost Burgi created a mechanical automaton that could draw intricate patterns.
1582: Christopher Clavius devised the Gregorian calendar, which is the most widely used civil calendar today.
1589: William Lee invented the stocking frame, a machine for knitting stockings faster than manual knitting.
1590: Hans Lippershey developed an early version of the telescope, allowing for improved observation of celestial objects.
1592: Galileo Galilei invented the geometric-military compass, which simplified trigonometric calculations.
1596: Johannes van der Heyden introduced the quadrant, a navigational instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies.
1608: Hans Lippershey applied for a patent for the telescope, sparking a period of intense astronomical discoveries.
1610: Galileo Galilei used his improved telescope to observe and describe the moons of Jupiter.
1612: Simon Stevin developed a land yacht powered by sails, demonstrating the use of sails for land vehicles.
1614: John Napier published a description of logarithms, revolutionizing mathematical calculations.
1615: Cornelis Drebbel demonstrated a submarine, an early predecessor to modern submarines.
1616: William Oughtred invented the slide rule, a mechanical device for performing mathematical operations.
These inventions laid the foundation for scientific, technological, and mathematical advancements that shaped the modern world.