1. Strong-willed and Determined Leaders: Both monarchs were known for their strong personalities, ambition, and determination. They were committed to their respective countries' interests and dedicated to strengthening their power and influence.
2. Pragmatic Approach to Governance: Although both monarchs had different philosophies, they ultimately prioritized practical concerns and pursued policies that served their nations' interests. Maria Theresa focused on economic development and administrative reforms, while Frederick the Great emphasized military strength and territorial expansion.
3. Military Prowess: Both rulers were involved in significant wars and demonstrated significant military acumen. Maria Theresa fought to defend her inheritance in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, while Frederick the Great famously achieved numerous victories in the latter conflict, earning him the moniker "Frederick the Great."
4. Reforms and Modernization: Both monarchs embraced reforms aimed at modernizing their respective nations. Maria Theresa introduced reforms in education, taxation, and administration, while Frederick the Great emphasized legal reforms, religious tolerance, and the promotion of scientific and cultural endeavors.
5. Commitment to the Enlightenment: Despite their differing approaches, both monarchs were influenced by the Enlightenment ideals. Maria Theresa embraced aspects of Enlightenment thought in her reforms, while Frederick the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences, welcoming prominent Enlightenment figures like Voltaire to his court.
6. Challenges to Tradition: They both challenged traditional power structures and established norms. Maria Theresa defied the prevailing notion that women were incapable of ruling and effectively defended her inheritance. Frederick the Great defied the established power of the Holy Roman Emperor and pursued his own foreign policy agenda.
However, significant differences existed between the two rulers. Maria Theresa was more traditional in her approach to governance, focused on maintaining the established order and strengthening the monarchy's authority. Frederick the Great, in contrast, was more progressive and embraced Enlightenment ideals, pursuing reforms and cultural initiatives.
Despite their differences, Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great were both highly influential figures who shaped the course of 18th-century Europe, leaving lasting legacies in their respective nations. Their similarities illustrate that effective leadership can take many forms, but shared traits like determination, pragmatism, and a commitment to progress are essential for success.