Non-violent resistance:
* Boycotts: He participated in boycotts of businesses and institutions that enforced apartheid policies.
* Peaceful protests: He organized and participated in peaceful demonstrations, marches, and rallies.
* Civil disobedience: He and his comrades broke unjust laws, such as those forbidding black people from living in certain areas or voting.
Armed struggle:
* Sabotage: Mandela and his organization, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), conducted acts of sabotage against government buildings and infrastructure.
* Military training: Mandela received training in military tactics and strategy, and he helped to establish training camps for fighters.
Political activism:
* Political organizing: Mandela helped to establish the African National Congress (ANC), a political party dedicated to ending apartheid. He served in various leadership roles within the ANC, including as its president.
* International diplomacy: He travelled internationally to raise awareness about apartheid and garner support for the anti-apartheid movement.
It's important to note that Mandela's views on violence evolved over time. Initially, he believed that armed struggle was necessary to achieve change. However, after his release from prison, he advocated for peaceful resistance and reconciliation.
While Mandela employed various methods, he consistently maintained his commitment to the fundamental principles of democracy, equality, and human rights. His legacy lies not only in his fight against apartheid, but also in his unwavering belief in non-violence and the power of forgiveness.