1: Historical and political context: The play was written in 1923 against the backdrop of post-World War I disillusionment and the rise of nationalism. Shaw was interested in exploring the historical figure of Joan of Arc and her role in the Hundred Years' War, as well as the political complexities of her era.
2: Social commentary: Saint Joan was also a vehicle for Shaw's social commentary and critical views on society, the Church, and military institutions of his time. Through Joan's story, Shaw raises questions about the conflict between personal conscience and political authority, the nature of heroism, and the power of individual belief in the face of societal norms.
3: Joan's character and the concept of sainthood: Shaw's depiction of Joan of Arc as a complex, independent-minded woman defied conventional representations of her as a saint. He sought to portray Joan as a strong, intelligent, and deeply religious individual, using her character to challenge traditional notions of sainthood and explore the tension between spiritual faith and worldly desires.
4: Critique of religious and political dogma: Saint Joan was a critical examination of religious and political institutions. Shaw criticized the Church for its corruption and its willingness to persecute those who challenged its authority. He also satirized military and political leaders for their shortsightedness and their tendency to sacrifice individuals for their own political agendas.
5: Shaw's dramatic style and use of humor: Saint Joan is also notable for its innovative dramatic structure, which alternates between historical scenes and a modern-day epilogue. Shaw also employs his characteristic wit and humor to critique religious and political institutions and to explore the conflict between idealism and pragmatism.
Overall, Saint Joan was a result of Shaw's interest in history, social and political commentary, his fascination with Joan's character, and his desire to challenge conventional ideas about sainthood, religious authority, and the nature of heroism.