1. Analog Circuits and Systems:
a) Explain the working principle of a differential amplifier and analyze its gain and CMRR.
b) Design a second-order low-pass filter using an op-amp and calculate its cut-off frequency.
c) Discuss the concept of phase-locked loops (PLL) and their applications in frequency synthesis.
2. Digital Electronics:
a) Describe the operation of a flip-flop and explain how it can be used to design a sequential circuit.
b) Implement a 4-bit binary adder using logic gates and analyze its truth table.
c) Explain the concept of memory hierarchy and compare different types of semiconductor memories.
3. Microprocessors and Interfacing:
a) Write an assembly language program to perform a matrix multiplication using the 8085/8086 microprocessor.
b) Interface an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a microcontroller and explain the process of analog-to-digital conversion.
c) Discuss the interfacing techniques for connecting various peripheral devices to a microcontroller, such as LCD displays and sensors.
4. Signals and Systems:
a) Determine the Fourier series representation of a periodic square wave and analyze its frequency spectrum.
b) Explain the concept of convolution and apply it to find the output of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system.
c) Analyze the stability of a discrete-time system using the Jury stability criterion.
5. Electromagnetic Theory:
a) Derive Maxwell's equations and discuss their significance in understanding electromagnetic phenomena.
b) Explain the concept of a transmission line and analyze its characteristics, such as impedance and reflection coefficient.
c) Discuss the principle of an antenna and its radiation properties, including directivity and gain.
6. Power Electronics:
a) Explain the operation of a thyristor and describe its applications in power control circuits.
b) Design a DC-DC buck converter and analyze its voltage regulation and efficiency.
c) Discuss the principle of a three-phase induction motor and explain how it can be controlled using power electronic circuits.
7. Control Systems:
a) Analyze the stability of a closed-loop control system using Bode plots and Nyquist plots.
b) Design a PID controller for a feedback control system and explain how it improves system performance.
c) Discuss the concept of state-space representation and its application in control system design.
8. Communication Systems:
a) Explain the concept of modulation and describe different modulation techniques, such as AM and FM.
b) Analyze the performance of a digital communication system in the presence of noise and interference.
c) Discuss the principle of multiplexing and its applications in communication systems.
Remember, these questions are just examples and the actual test paper may have different questions based on the curriculum and syllabus of your university or educational institution.