Johann Gutenberg developed the world's first printing press in the early half of the 15th century. As literacy became more commonplace in the burgeoning European middle class, the demand for books was strong. People wished to read in both Latin and their vernacular, wanting to hold a personal (and valuable) copy of the Bible. As time progressed, people began to read and write for pleasure, and the practice of publishing political pamphlets became popular and possible due to the printing press.
Historically, the printing press enabled the spread of information. One literate villager could receive and accurately deliver important news, messages or ideas to an entire village.
Gutenberg's press offered a way to quickly produce and distribute copies of a document. Throughout time, the printing process changed for purpose of efficiency. Larger presses were developed and the use of electricity eventually gave way to an even speedier press. Today, the availability of access to printers (even at local libraries) and the use of the Internet allow individuals of many backgrounds and opinions to write and produce content through mainstream and nontraditional means.
There are various types of publishing companies today. Each type of publishing company has a specific set of practices separating it from the others.
Book Publishing: The book publisher is what most people typically think of when they discuss publishing companies. Book publishing tends to be traditional, though book publishers now employ various types of printing, such as offset and electronic. This industry also now encompasses the print-on-demand market, allowing authors to self-publish their work. This is profitable because electronic files can be inexpensively stored and printed as ordered through specific vendors.
Academic Publishing: Academic publishers typically produce journals. They work with carefully selected academic editors to ensure timely publication and accurate, authentic material. Universities, libraries, schools and businesses typically purchase journal subscriptions.
Magazine Publishing: Some publishing companies focus on magazines. They focus more on advertising revenue, glossy pages and gripping, short content. Magazines are an excellent resource for newer writers looking to understand the publishing process.
Those considering working in the publishing industry should take into consideration the following points:
Most publishing companies are in or around large cities such as New York and London.
Publishing is a way to make a living, but it is not as lucrative as other professions, nor as stable. Like other companies, publishers are bought and sold by larger conglomerates.
An eye for detail is mandatory in almost all publishing positions.
Positions available to full time, part time, or freelance employees include: editorial, typesetting, production duties, customer service, marketing, sales, and management.
Authors considering publication for their material should consider the following:
Hire an agent (never pay an agent until a book deal has been made).
Identify niche market and target niche publishers first.
Persist in finding the right publisher despite rejection letters.
Self-publishing is always an option.
Always be sure to get a fair contract and copyright agreement.
Many people adore and respect the publishing industry and publishing companies due to their love for books. In Western culture, publishing represents a developmental triumph; a means of passing on information, stories, and messages in a uniform manner. In the past, books were very expensive and valuable items for families and individuals. Because of developments in the publishing industry and the printing process, books cost comparatively less today.
The concept of a free library is also important to many communities throughout the world. Literacy and publishing have enabled us to record and share ideas--an important component of many global cultures and communities.
Landing a book deal or a job at a publishing company can be extremely difficult. With persistence, one can accomplish these goals.
Typically, writers and publishers must be passionate, committed and devoted to their work. Publishing companies do not tend to hire employees or writers who are not fully dedicated to their duties or assignments. This spark, along with the ability to work with a wide variety of creative personalities, ensures success for a writer or potential employee.