Determine the genre your novel represents. Agents and editors usually specialize in certain genres. Identify the ones that represent your genre by networking with writers in your local area. The Writer's Marketplace is a publication that lists agents, editors and publishers by genre.
Write both a long and short synopsis of your novel. A short synopsis is a simple plot summary, whereas a long synopsis summarizes the plot in detail by scene. These synopses are very important because they are the first things agents and editors will read. If the synopsis successfully sells the story, agents will be willing to read the full manuscript.
Format your manuscript properly using industry guides such as Writer's Digest Guide to Manuscript Formats. Print your formatted manuscript on quality paper. A well-formatted manuscript shows that you take your work seriously, that you are proud of it and that you think it deserves to be published.
Schedule a face-to-face pitch with an editor or agent. You can do this in one of three ways. First, you can contact an editor or agent through your networking in your local writing community. A personal referral goes a long way. Second, you can attend a writing conference where face-to-face pitches are offered to attendees. Third, you can cold call agents and editors. Contact information is usually included in Writer's Marketplace.
Write a query letter and send it to editors and agents you cannot meet face-to-face. Include your synopses and manuscript as required. Agents and editors have different preferences for submissions, so learn the requirements for each agency you wish to contact.
Do not allow rejection to deter you. Continue to send query letters and pitch your novel to new agents and editors. Publishing needs change over time. It is best to wait aapproximately 6 months before resubmitting to an agency or publisher. Don't rule these people out because you received a rejection letter the first time.