Classical Humanism:
* Cicero: Erasmus was deeply influenced by Cicero's prose style and his ideals of eloquence and rhetoric. He sought to revive classical Latin and used it to promote humanist ideals.
* Plato: Erasmus studied Plato extensively and saw him as a source of moral wisdom and philosophical insight.
* Aristotle: Erasmus engaged with Aristotle's philosophy, particularly his ethics and logic.
Christian Humanism:
* Lorenzo Valla: Valla was a pioneer in textual criticism and a strong advocate for biblical study. His work influenced Erasmus's own textual analysis of the Bible.
* Pico della Mirandola: Erasmus admired Pico's belief in the inherent dignity of humanity and his desire to reconcile Christian faith with classical learning.
Reformation Era:
* Martin Luther: Though Erasmus disagreed with some of Luther's radical positions, he shared a belief in the importance of biblical study and the need for church reform. Luther's writings, however, also fueled the debates that led to a break between Erasmus and the Reformers.
Other influences:
* Thomas More: Erasmus was a close friend of Thomas More, and they shared a common humanist outlook. They often exchanged ideas and collaborated on projects.
* Johann Reuchlin: Reuchlin was a German humanist who defended the study of Hebrew and Jewish literature. His work helped inspire Erasmus's interest in biblical studies and the Hebrew language.
* Desiderius Erasmus: It is important to note that Erasmus himself was a key influence on later thinkers, including Michel de Montaigne, John Locke, and Voltaire. His emphasis on reason, tolerance, and individual conscience contributed to the development of modern thought.
It is important to note that Erasmus was a complex figure who absorbed influences from various sources. He was not simply a product of any one particular school of thought, but rather a product of his time, a time marked by intellectual ferment and a desire to revitalize classical learning and Christian faith. His work, therefore, reflects a confluence of ideas and influences, contributing to his lasting legacy as a major figure in Renaissance thought.