1. Royal Power and Dominion:
* Subjugation: The lion, a symbol of strength and ferocity, is depicted defeated and vulnerable beneath the king's foot. This demonstrates Ashurnasirpal's absolute control over even the most powerful creatures.
* Kingship and Authority: By placing the lion in a subservient position, the relief reinforces the king's role as a powerful ruler, capable of conquering and controlling nature itself.
2. Divine Right and Protection:
* Divine Favor: The scene often depicts Ashurnasirpal with the divine blessing of a god (often Ashur), indicating that the king's victories are divinely ordained.
* Divine Protection: The defeated lion symbolizes the king's victory over any potential threats, both earthly and supernatural, and demonstrates the god's protection over the king.
3. Propaganda and Intimidation:
* Military Prowess: The relief serves as a powerful piece of propaganda, showcasing the king's skill as a hunter and his ability to lead his army to victory.
* Intimidation: By portraying the king as a conquering hero who can overcome even the most formidable opponent, the relief is intended to intimidate both enemies and potential rivals.
4. Cultural Significance of Lions:
* Symbol of Royalty: In Mesopotamian culture, the lion was often associated with royalty and power. By defeating the lion, the king establishes himself as the ultimate authority.
* Fertility and Abundance: Lions were also linked to fertility and the bounty of the land. The king's victory over the lion symbolizes his control over nature and its resources.
In conclusion, the placement of the lion below Ashurnasirpal II in the "Hunting Lion" relief serves multiple purposes, all of which contribute to a powerful message about the king's strength, power, and divine right to rule. The relief is a testament to the Assyrian king's ambition and desire to establish his dominance over both humans and the natural world.