1. Political and Administrative Leadership:
- The Sumerian rulers were the central figures of their city-states and held political authority.
- They were responsible for making decisions and implementing policies to ensure the smooth running of the city-state.
- They oversaw the administration of justice, maintained order, and organized public works projects.
2. Religious Leadership:
- Sumerian rulers held a significant religious role as intermediaries between the gods and the people.
- They were seen as the representatives of the gods on Earth and played a crucial role in religious ceremonies and festivals.
- The rulers built and maintained temples, oversaw religious rituals, and made offerings to the gods.
3. Economic Management:
- The rulers controlled and managed the city-state's economy, including trade, agriculture, and irrigation systems.
- They ensured the fair distribution of resources and wealth, and regulated prices to prevent exploitation.
- The rulers collected taxes and managed public funds to support various city-state projects.
4. Military Leadership:
- The Sumerian rulers were responsible for the defense and security of their city-states.
- They served as military commanders during times of war or conflicts with neighboring city-states.
- The rulers organized military campaigns, maintained armies, and constructed city fortifications to protect against potential threats.
5. Cultural and Artistic Patronage:
- Sumerian rulers were patrons of arts, culture, and literature.
- They commissioned the creation of monumental architecture, sculptures, and literary works.
- By promoting cultural activities, the rulers aimed to enhance the prestige of their city-states and contribute to the overall cultural development of the region.
6. Diplomatic Relations:
- The rulers engaged in diplomatic relations with neighboring city-states, forming alliances and establishing trade agreements.
- They negotiated treaties, settled disputes, and participated in diplomatic missions to maintain peaceful relations and protect their city-state's interests.
7. Judicial Authority:
- Sumerian rulers served as the ultimate judicial authority in their city-states, issuing laws and ensuring justice.
- They heard cases, resolved disputes, and punished criminals to maintain law and order.
- The rulers were responsible for upholding the legal code known as the Code of Ur-Nammu.
These duties of Sumerian rulers encompassed a wide range of responsibilities, encompassing political, religious, economic, military, cultural, and judicial aspects of city-state governance.