1. Authentication and Security: Cylinder seals served as a form of authentication and security in Sumerian society. They were rolled onto wet clay to create an impression, acting as a signature or seal on documents, contracts, and other important records. The unique design of each seal made it easy to identify the owner and validate the authenticity of the sealed item.
2. Administrative Control: Cylinder seals were used by Sumerian authorities and officials for administrative purposes. They helped identify the origin and ownership of goods, such as traded commodities or stored supplies. This facilitated control and management of resources within the administrative systems of Sumerian city-states.
3. Artistic Expression: Cylinder seals were crafted with intricate and detailed designs, showcasing Sumerian artistic skill and sophistication. The seals often featured mythological scenes, religious symbols, animals, plants, and geometric patterns. They were considered small works of art and showcased the creativity and artistry of Sumerian craftsmen.
4. Personal Identification: Cylinder seals also served as a form of personal identification in Sumerian society. Individuals carried their seals as essential items, much like people today carry identification cards. The distinctive seal impressions identified the owner and could be used as a form of personal identification and authorization.
5. Religious and Symbolic Significance: Cylinder seals held religious and symbolic meanings for the Sumerians. They often incorporated religious imagery, such as depictions of gods, goddesses, and sacred symbols. For some, the seals served as amulets or talismans, believed to provide protection and divine favor.
Overall, cylinder seals held practical, administrative, artistic, and symbolic significance in Sumerian society. They played a key role in verifying authenticity, securing important documents, facilitating trade and administration, conveying cultural and religious meanings, and expressing artistic prowess.