There are many types of calligraphy pens, and artists often use more than one type to achieve the desired effect. Calligraphy pens can be old-fashioned quills, or pens with metal tips called nubs. Some pens are barrel-loaded with ink, while others are used by dipping the tip of the pen into ink. The ink itself is dye- or pigment-based and should be resistant to smudging. Artists often use thinner paper, such as parchment, because calligraphy ink goes on wet. The less absorbent the paper, the better the application. Parchment paper also adds an elegant touch that complements calligraphy lettering. Like any artist, a beginning calligrapher will find his or her preferred tools over time. Modern calligraphists use an electronic pen and tablet to create calligraphy on the computer.
An experienced calligrapher may make up her own original letter styles, but most calligraphy is based on specific lettering type. Much of this is based on broad groups: Arabic, Western, European, Oriental or Gothic. The Gothic style is subject to individual interpretation, but typically it is a dark old-world style of lettering that often features elements from the other groups along with original artist touches.
Most of the technique of calligraphy falls in the wrist and how the artist forms the lettering by turning the pen one way and then the other, creating thick and thin lines that contribute to the look of calligraphic lettering. This is accomplished by maintaining constant contact with the paper for each letter and, in many cases, entire words. It takes practice to do this effectively.