1. Symbolism: This movement, which emerged in the late 19th century, continued to influence artists in the early 20th century. Symbolists sought to express subjective emotions and ideas through evocative imagery, often using symbolism and allegory. Notable Symbolist painters during this period include Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes.
2. Art Nouveau: This decorative style, characterized by flowing lines, organic forms, and a fascination with nature, was popular in architecture, furniture, and graphic arts. It also influenced painting, with artists like Alphonse Mucha and Gustav Klimt incorporating its elements into their works.
3. Fauvism: This revolutionary movement emerged around 1905, emphasizing bold, expressive colors and simplified forms. Fauvist artists like Henri Matisse, André Derain, and Maurice de Vlaminck rejected traditional subject matter and focused on capturing the emotional intensity of their subjects.
4. Expressionism: While Expressionism originated in Germany, it also had a significant presence in Paris, with artists like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Erich Heckel exhibiting their work in the city. This style emphasized subjective expression and often depicted distorted figures and exaggerated emotions.
5. Cubism: This groundbreaking movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, emerged around 1907. Cubist artists broke down objects into geometric shapes and planes, depicting them from multiple perspectives simultaneously.
6. Post-Impressionism: While not strictly a movement of this period, Post-Impressionist artists like Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Gauguin continued to influence subsequent generations of painters. Their emphasis on personal expression and the exploration of form and color paved the way for the innovations of early 20th-century art.
7. Nabis: This group of artists, including Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard, and Maurice Denis, were influenced by Symbolism and Post-Impressionism. Their work often featured flattened perspectives, decorative patterns, and a focus on the subjective experience of everyday life.
It's important to note that these styles often overlapped and influenced each other. For example, some Fauvist artists were also influenced by Expressionism, while Cubism drew upon the geometric explorations of Cézanne. The art scene in Paris during this period was a dynamic and evolving landscape, with numerous cross-currents and innovations that continue to inspire artists today.