Encaustic is a technique that involves using hot wax mixed with pigment. The wax is applied to a surface like canvas or wood and then melted with a heated tool. This technique allows for a unique texture and depth of color.
Johns used encaustic for several reasons:
* Textural Interest: Encaustic's waxy surface gives the paintings a distinct texture and allows Johns to create interesting surface effects.
* Luminous Quality: The way encaustic interacts with light creates a luminous quality that enhances the vibrant colors.
* Durability: Encaustic is a very durable medium, making it ideal for preserving the paintings over time.
While he is well-known for using encaustic, Johns also experimented with other mediums throughout his career, including oil paint, collage, and sculpture. However, encaustic remains a defining element of his "Numbers" series.