However, some common and significant items of medieval trade included:
* Textiles: Wool, linen, silk, and cotton were major trade commodities.
* Spices: Pepper, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and nutmeg were highly sought after for their flavor and medicinal properties, primarily imported from the East.
* Metals: Iron, copper, silver, and gold were essential for tools, weapons, jewelry, and currency.
* Foodstuffs: Grains, wine, olive oil, salt, cheese, and fish were important for sustenance and trade.
* Luxury goods: These included exotic materials like ivory, amber, and precious stones, as well as finished goods like glassware, ceramics, and tapestries.
* Slaves: Unfortunately, human beings were also a significant commodity in some medieval trade networks.
It's important to remember that the volume and variety of trade goods changed significantly over the course of the medieval period.
Here are some factors that influenced trade:
* The rise and fall of powerful empires: The Byzantine Empire, Arab Empire, and later the Mongol Empire played key roles in shaping trade routes and facilitating trade in specific goods.
* Technological advancements: Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation allowed for longer voyages and increased trade volumes.
* Demand for specific goods: Shifts in consumer preferences, fashion, or religious practices could lead to increased or decreased demand for certain items.
* Political instability and conflict: Wars, rebellions, and banditry could disrupt trade routes and lead to shortages of specific goods.
To better understand the specific items traded during a particular period, it's crucial to consider the context of the time and place.