For the Matrix (the plate or surface with the image):
* Wood: This was the most common material in early printmaking, particularly for woodcuts and wood engravings. Different types of wood, like cherry, maple, or boxwood, were chosen for their grain, hardness, and ability to hold detail.
* Metal: Metals like copper, zinc, and steel became popular for engraving, etching, and lithography. Copper is particularly versatile and allows for fine detail.
* Stone: Limestone is the primary material for lithography, as it can be easily etched with acid and its surface readily absorbs both water and oil-based inks.
* Linoleum: This relatively soft material is popular for linocuts because it is easy to carve and provides clean lines.
* Other: Printmakers have experimented with various other materials, including plastic, fabric, and even potato for simple prints.
For Inks and Paints:
* Oil-based inks: These inks are thick and opaque, providing rich colors and vibrant prints.
* Water-based inks: These are thinner and more fluid, often used for lithography and screen printing.
* Acrylic inks: These modern inks are versatile and can be used for a wide range of printing techniques.
* Watercolors: While primarily used for painting, watercolors can be used to create delicate prints.
Other materials:
* Paper: Printmakers use a variety of paper types, ranging from rough handmade papers to smooth, coated papers for fine detail.
* Brushes: Used to apply ink and for specific printmaking techniques like aquatint.
* Tools: Depending on the technique, printmakers use specialized tools like gouges, burins, etching needles, and rollers.
* Chemicals: Acids, solvents, and other chemicals are used for etching, lithography, and other techniques.
This is just a brief overview. The specific materials used for printmaking can vary greatly depending on the chosen technique, the artist's style, and the desired outcome.