1. Imprisonment:
- Tower of London: The Tower of London was commonly used as a prison, housing both common criminals and high-profile figures who had fallen out of the queen's favor.
2. Fines:
- Financial penalties were imposed for a wide range of offenses, from minor misdemeanors to more serious crimes.
3. Whipping:
- Public whipping was used as a punishment for various offenses, such as petty theft and vagrancy.
4. Branding and Mutilation:
- Branding or cutting off of ears were used as punishments for certain crimes, such as theft or forgery.
5. Execution:
- Execution was reserved for serious crimes, such as treason, murder, or heresy. Methods of execution included hanging, burning at the stake, and beheading.
It's worth noting that the severity of punishment depended on the nature of the crime, the individual's social status, and the queen's discretion. Elizabeth was considered a relatively moderate ruler compared to some of her predecessors and successors. However, during times of political unrest or religious tensions, she could also enact harsher measures to maintain order.