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Three Types of Machinery in Play Productions

Machinery has been a part of theatrical productions since the early Greek theater performances. The Greeks made use of machines such as the Aeorema, a crane that was used to show the gods appearing in the scene, and the Ekeclema, a wheeled platform that was used to roll the bodies of a dead character onto stage. Machines are still vital to the staging of plays. Machinery in the theater falls into two general categories: permanent machinery, which is part of the structure in the theater, and temporary machinery, which is developed for a specific play. Machinery goes a long way toward creating the illusion that is theater.
  1. Revolves

    • Revolves, or rotating turntables, are a standard in stage play productions. Generally part of the permanent machinery in a theater, a rotating turntable is usually located at or near the center of the stage. It can be used for a variety of illusions in a play, including changing the scene quickly or changing the time. It can also show a transformation of a character, or move from an exterior shot of a building to the interior of the building. Rotating turntables also allow 360 degree views of a central set piece. Turntables also allow a kind of treadmill effect, where an actor gives the illusion of walking, while remaining at the same point on the stage.

    Winches, Pulleys and Lifts

    • Another common type of machinery in a play production is a pulley or lift system that allows vertical movement of actors or set pieces. The scenery that is lifted up is said to be "flown" into the "fly tower" -- the space above the stage where platforms and connecting walkways allow tech crew access to pulleys, winches and counterweights. In modern theater, pneumatic or hydraulic systems assist in the raising and lowering of equipment and sets. Those who operate these systems are called "flymen."

    Elevators and Lifts

    • Like rotating turntables, elevators and lifts are located in the stage floor. A particular theater may have a number of stage floors, depending on the production. Elevators and lifts are used to raise and lower both scenery and set pieces as well as actors and actresses. In conjunction with trapdoors, a lift can produce a sudden, grand entrance such as a fairy or genie would make. Revolves can also be fitted with elevators for more versatility. Elevators may be operated with counterweights, but in modern theater, they often use hydraulics and computer programs to lift an actor or a set piece on cue.

Stage Productions

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