Drawings and scale models help you make decisions about which sets to construct as well as actual sizes. This also cuts down on the hours and materials that otherwise might be wasted by creating unnecessary or unusable sets. Drawings are the first step in the process. If the idea is acceptable, begin production of a scale model. Scale models should be as precise as possible. Try to include every detail such as fabric choices for furniture. During the steps, be sure to account for lighting during each scene in addition to any special effects that might occur.
Building the sets requires a balance of staying within budget while maintaining safety. Use ½-inch-thick plywood or two-by-fours for projects requiring wood. In some instances, foam sheeting can be cut and put to use in place of plywood. Spray foam offers texture when simulating items such as trees or rocks. For shows with multiple sets, add wheels to each set for easy changes during the performance. Most sets will be disposed of after the show's run, so use drywall screws for a simpler breakdown. Traditional nails are harder to remove and take more time during the disposal process.
There are several techniques available to create effects with paint. Some preparation may be necessary, such as a base coat, before painting can proceed. For example, a color wash creates the appearance of stone, marble or even some types of weather. Stencils are a quick way to add large amounts of detail such as a field of flowers. This also works in adding legible print in any font as well as embellishing already painted pieces.
Set pieces can be anything from curtains to furniture for the theater set. Furniture is usually built to order as a cost-saving measure. Woodworking and finishing are done to create the effect of actual pieces that buyers find in retail stores. In some cases, decorative touches may be added to fit a description in the script or as an addition to the overall design. A seamstress should be on set to take care of creating any fabric items such as pillows or drapes.