* Oedipus - The protagonist of the play, King of Thebes and the son of Laius and Jocasta.
* Jocasta - Oedipus's mother and wife, the former Queen of Thebes.
* Laius - Oedipus's father and the former King of Thebes.
* Creon - The brother of Jocasta and Oedipus's brother-in-law, who becomes King of Thebes after Oedipus falls.
* Tiresias - A blind prophet who reveals the truth about Oedipus's past.
* Antigone - Oedipus's daughter, who accompanies him into exile at the end of the play.
* Ismene - Oedipus's other daughter, who stays in Thebes after he leaves.