He spent the majority of his career with Juventus, where he won eight Serie A titles, four Coppa Italia titles, and three Supercoppa Italiana titles. He also had successful spells with Wolfsburg in Germany and Palermo in Italy.
At international level, Barzagli represented Italy 73 times, scoring one goal. He was part of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and he also represented his country at the 2012 UEFA European Championship and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
After retiring from playing in 2019, Barzagli began working as a pundit for Italian television. He is also a UEFA Pro Licence holder and has expressed an interest in coaching in the future.