1. Layout and Design:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: Greek theaters were typically built in a semi-circular or horseshoe-shaped amphitheater style. They consisted of three main sections: the orchestra, where the chorus performed; the skene, which served as the backdrop and dressing rooms; and the theatron, where the audience sat in tiers of stone seating.
- Globe Theatre: The Globe Theatre was a circular structure with three levels of seating surrounding an open-air stage. The stage consisted of a platform with trapdoors and a curtained area at the back. The audience stood in the yard or could purchase seats in the galleries.
2. Roofing:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: Most ancient Greek theaters were open-air structures, exposed to the natural elements. However, some larger theaters, like the one in Epidaurus, had a wooden canopy or roof over the stage.
- Globe Theatre: The Globe Theatre was a roofless structure, except for the "heavens" above the stage. This thatched roof provided coverage for stage props and equipment.
3. Purpose:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: Greek theaters were primarily used for dramatic performances, including tragedies and comedies. Theater plays were often intertwined with religious festivals and civic celebrations.
- Globe Theatre: The Globe Theatre was a commercial playhouse dedicated to public theatrical performances. It staged plays written by Shakespeare and his contemporaries, catering to a broad audience.
4. Audience Participation:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: The audience in ancient Greek theaters was highly engaged and played a significant role in the performances. They expressed their emotions vocally, cheering or booing the actors.
- Globe Theatre: While the audience at the Globe Theatre was enthusiastic and interactive, their participation was primarily through applause, cheers, and occasional heckling.
5. Staging and Scenery:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: Ancient Greek theaters had minimal scenery, relying on the chorus and actors to convey the setting through dialogue and gestures. The skene served as a backdrop and might have housed simple props.
- Globe Theatre: The Globe Theatre incorporated more elaborate staging techniques, including trapdoors, platforms, and movable props. It allowed for quick scene changes and helped create immersive environments.
6. Language and Performance:
- Ancient Greek Theaters: Performances in ancient Greek theaters were conducted entirely in Greek, and actors wore masks to portray different characters.
- Globe Theatre: Plays at the Globe Theatre were performed in English, and actors performed without masks. This allowed for greater facial expressions and direct audience interaction.
These differences highlight the distinct characteristics of ancient Greek theaters, focused on communal experiences, civic engagement, and religious expressions, and the Globe Theatre, which represented the commercialization of theater during the Elizabethan era.