1. Guildhalls and Livery Halls: These were meeting and administrative centers of various trade and craft guilds. Guilds often had large halls that could accommodate plays and other entertainments.
2. Inns and Taverns: Many London inns and taverns had large rooms or courtyards that could be used for theatrical performances. The first recorded English comedy, "Gammer Gurton's Needle," was performed at the White Horse Tavern in 1563.
3. Private Homes: Aristocratic households often had private theaters within their residences, where plays could be performed for invited guests. These private theaters were typically smaller and more exclusive than public playhouses.
4. Courtyards and Public Spaces: Before the construction of dedicated theaters, plays were sometimes performed in public spaces like marketplaces or inn yards. These performances were often associated with fairs, festivals, or other public gatherings.
5. University and School Performances: Plays were regularly performed at universities like Cambridge and Oxford, as well as at schools and grammar schools. These performances often had an educational or religious purpose.