Educational Background: During Shakespeare's time, theatre audiences were generally less educated compared to modern audiences. While there were educated elites and scholars, a significant portion of the population had limited access to formal education. Today, literacy rates are much higher, and a broader range of people have access to education, leading to a more diverse and informed audience.
Social Structure: Elizabethan society was highly stratified, with strict social hierarchies and class distinctions. The audience for Shakespeare's plays would reflect this social structure, with different seating arrangements and expectations for different social groups. Modern audiences, on the other hand, are more socially integrated, and seating arrangements are typically based on ticket price rather than social status.
Audience Participation: During Shakespeare's time, audience participation was much more common. Groundlings (those who stood in the pit) would often heckle and interact with the actors, making comments and expressing their opinions. Modern audiences are generally more passive and are expected to remain quiet and focused during the performance.
Performance Practices: Elizabethan theatre performances differed significantly from modern practices. Plays were performed in daylight hours without artificial lighting, and there were no elaborate sets or stage machinery. Actors relied on their voices, gestures, and costumes to convey meaning, and the audience was expected to use their imaginations to visualize the setting. Today, theatre productions often make use of advanced technology, elaborate sets, and lighting to create immersive experiences.
Cultural Context: The cultural context of Shakespeare's time was shaped by different beliefs, values, and social norms compared to modern times. Audiences during Shakespeare's era were more familiar with the references, allusions, and themes in his plays, which were rooted in their contemporary society and worldview. Modern audiences may need additional explanations or historical context to fully appreciate these elements.
Interpretation and Criticism: Interpretations and criticisms of Shakespeare's plays have evolved over time. During his time, plays were often seen as primarily entertainment and were not subject to the same level of critical analysis as they are today. Over the centuries, Shakespeare's works have been interpreted from various perspectives, including historical, cultural, feminist, and postcolonial approaches. Modern criticism and analysis of Shakespeare's plays delve into deeper meanings, themes, and social commentary.