What is libretto in music?

In music, a libretto (plural: libretti) is the text of a vocal composition, such as an opera, oratorio, or cantata. The libretto provides the words that are sung by the vocalists and typically includes dialogue, arias, and choruses. The librettist is the author or writer who creates the libretto.

Librettos are often based on stories from literature, history, or mythology, but they can also be original works. The librettist works closely with the composer to ensure that the text fits well with the music. The libretto must be carefully crafted so that it is clear, concise, and expressive, while also allowing for musical interpretation.

Some famous operas with notable librettos include:

- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's "The Marriage of Figaro" (libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte)

- Giuseppe Verdi's "La Traviata" (libretto by Francesco Maria Piave)

- Giacomo Puccini's "Tosca" (libretto by Giuseppe Giacosa and Luigi Illica)

Librettos play a vital role in operas and other vocal compositions, providing the narrative and emotional foundation for the music. They bring stories and characters to life, allowing the audience to connect with the themes, emotions, and conflicts portrayed in the music.