In the 19th century, musical theater continued to evolve and expand, with the rise of popular forms such as operetta, vaudeville, and music hall. These genres featured comedic and satirical performances that incorporated music and dance.
During the early 20th century, musical theater took a more sophisticated turn with the emergence of "book musicals," which placed a greater emphasis on storytelling and character development. Shows like "Show Boat" (1927), "Oklahoma!" (1943), and "My Fair Lady" (1956) are considered landmarks in the development of musical theater.
The golden age of musical theater is generally considered to be the period from the 1940s to the 1960s, during which time Broadway musicals reached new heights of popularity and critical acclaim. During this era, iconic musicals such as "West Side Story" (1957), "The Sound of Music" (1965), and "Cabaret" (1966) were produced.
In the following decades, musical theater continued to evolve and adapt, incorporating elements from other genres, including rock, pop, and electronic music. Shows such as "A Chorus Line" (1975), "Dreamgirls" (1981), and "Hamilton" (2015) represent some of the innovative and groundbreaking musicals produced in more recent times.
Today, musical theater remains a vital and ever-changing art form, with new shows and productions emerging every year around the world.