1. Contrast to Hamlet: Fortinbras is often presented as a contrast to Hamlet, highlighting their different approaches to life and action. While Hamlet is plagued by hesitation, introspection, and doubt, Fortinbras is decisive and driven to take action. He leads a military campaign to reclaim his rightful lands, demonstrating his willingness to act and pursue his goals. This contrast between the two characters accentuates Hamlet's inaction and inner struggles.
2. Symbol of Action and Resolution: Fortinbras represents the idea of action and resolution, which is lacking in Hamlet's Denmark. He embodies a sense of purpose, determination, and the ability to take decisive steps. His expedition and readiness to fight for what he believes in serve as a foil to the paralysis that grips Hamlet and the Danish court.
3. Dramatic Irony: Fortinbras's presence and actions create dramatic irony, as the audience is aware of certain plot elements that other characters are not. For instance, when Fortinbras returns from his successful campaign and is greeted as the new king, the audience understands that he is inadvertently fulfilling the prophecy made by the Ghost of Hamlet's father. This irony adds layers of meaning to Fortinbras's role in the play.
4. Succession and Legitimacy: Fortinbras's claim to the throne and the peaceful transition of power at the end of the play raise questions about succession and legitimacy. His arrival represents a new beginning for Denmark, bringing stability and order after the turmoil caused by Hamlet's actions and the demise of the royal family.
5. Thematic Reflections: Fortinbras's character and experiences contribute to broader themes explored in the play. His willingness to act reflects the theme of decisive action versus inaction. His military campaign mirrors the idea of battles within oneself, while his rise to kingship echoes themes of power, ambition, and destiny.
Overall, Fortinbras's presence and discussions throughout the play serve as a contrasting force, a catalyst for action, an element of dramatic irony, and a means of exploring central themes related to action, inaction, and the complex dynamics of power and legitimacy.