1. The American Dream and Materialism: Willy Loman, the protagonist, represents the embodiment of the American Dream, characterized by material wealth and social status. However, the play critiques this materialistic philosophy, showing how relentless pursuit of this dream can lead to disillusionment and inner emptiness.
2. Identity and Self-Worth: Willy's sense of self-worth is intrinsically tied to his success in sales, which makes his failures all the more devastating. The play raises questions about the nature of identity and the sources of genuine self-esteem.
3. Illusion and Reality: Willy struggles to distinguish between reality and his illusions. He clings to outdated notions of success and refuses to accept the limitations and changes in his life. The play explores the power of illusion and the consequences of being disconnected from reality.
4. Regret and Missed Opportunities: Willy is haunted by his past decisions and missed opportunities. He constantly laments what could have been, which highlights the importance of living in the present moment and making choices that align with one's true values.
5. Loyalty and Betrayal: Willy's betrayal of his wife, Linda, through infidelity, casts a shadow over their relationship. The play examines the complexities of loyalty, trust, and forgiveness in personal relationships.
6. Capitalism and Exploitation: The cutthroat nature of the business world Willy operates in exposes the exploitation of individuals for financial gain. The play critiques capitalism and the dehumanizing effects of prioritizing profits over human well-being.
7. Death and Legacy: Willy's tragic death raises questions about the meaning of life and the significance of one's legacy. The play explores how choices and actions during life impact the way one is remembered after death.
Through these philosophical themes, Arthur Miller probes the American society, the pursuit of success, and the existential struggles of individuals in a rapidly changing world. Death of a Salesman serves as a poignant meditation on the human condition, inviting audiences to reflect on their own values, dreams, and the consequences of their choices.