1. Simile: Compares two unlike things using the words "like" or "as".
- "The sky is as blue as the ocean."
- "Her eyes are like sparkling diamonds."
2. Metaphor: Compares two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as".
- "The sky is a canvas for the clouds to dance."
- "Life is a journey, not a destination."
3. Personification: Gives human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.
- "The wind whispered through the trees."
- "The stars danced in the night sky."
4. Hyperbole: Uses exaggeration to create emphasis.
- "I was so hungry, I could eat a horse."
- "It was so hot, the pavement was melting."
5. Understatement: Uses deliberate understatement to create irony or emphasis.
- "It was a bit chilly outside." (when it's actually freezing)
- "He's not very good at singing." (when he's actually terrible)
6. Oxymoron: Combines two seemingly contradictory words to create a paradoxical effect.
- "deafening silence"
- "jumbo shrimp"
7. Alliteration: Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words.
- "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
- "She sells seashells on the seashore."
8. Assonance: Repetition of the same vowel sound in a series of nearby words.
- "The cat sat on the mat."
- "He had a bad day."
9. Consonance: Repetition of the same consonant sound in a series of nearby words.
- "The night is dark and dreary."
- "He stopped, dropped, and rolled."
10. Onomatopeia: Words that imitate sounds.
- "The bird chirped happily."
- "The wind howled through the forest."
11. Synecdoche: Uses a part of something to represent the whole or the whole to represent a part.
- "All hands on deck!" (meaning all crew members)
- "The pen is mightier than the sword." (meaning writing is more powerful than fighting)
12. Metonymy: Uses a related word or phrase to represent something else.
- "The crown symbolizes power and authority."
- "He works for the White House." (meaning the U.S. government)