1. Colonial Language: The play utilizes language typical of the 17th-century Puritan society in Salem, Massachusetts. The characters use a formal, elevated, and often archaic style of speech, reflecting the religious and historical context.
2. Biblical Allusions: Miller frequently employs biblical references and allusions in the dialogue. Characters draw parallels between the Salem witch trials and biblical narratives, reflecting the Puritans' deep religious beliefs and their tendency to interpret events through a religious lens.
3. Metaphors and Symbolism: The playwright employs metaphors and symbolic language to convey deeper meanings and themes. Objects, characters, and events often carry symbolic significance, adding layers of interpretation to the play.
4. Formal and Colloquial Language: Miller uses a mix of formal and colloquial language to differentiate between characters and social classes. The more educated characters, such as Reverend Hale and Judge Danforth, speak in a formal and elaborate manner, while the common folk use more informal and direct language.
5. Irony and Sarcasm: Irony and sarcasm are also present in the diction of the play. Characters often express their thoughts and feelings through ironic statements or sarcastic remarks, highlighting the hypocrisy and tensions within the community.
6. Accusatory Language: The play is filled with accusatory language as the characters level false charges against each other. Words like "witchcraft," "sin," and "devil" are frequently used, reflecting the atmosphere of suspicion and fear that permeates the town.
By carefully selecting and employing specific diction, Miller creates a vivid and authentic representation of the time period, captures the essence of the characters, and conveys the play's themes and conflicts in a powerful and evocative manner.