- Step 1: Attention: This aims to grab the reader's attention using a thought-provoking statement, question, or anecdote.
- Step 2: Need: Establish the significance and urgency of addressing the topic.
- Step 3: Satisfaction: Propose a solution to meet the identified need or problem.
- Step 4: Visualization: Paint a vivid picture of how the solution can bring about positive change.
- Step 5: Action: Encourage the audience to take action and support your position.
2. The Toulmin Model of Argument:
- Claim: Present your argument or position clearly.
- Evidence: Provide evidence to support your claim, such as statistics, facts, examples, or expert testimony.
- Warrant: Explain the logical connection between your evidence and your claim. This can include assumptions or principles that support your argument.
- Backing: Provide additional support for your warrant, such as research findings, expert opinions, or historical evidence.
- Qualifiers: Acknowledge potential objections or limitations to your argument.
- Rebuttal: Address opposing viewpoints and counterarguments, demonstrating why your position is still valid.
3. The Rogerian Argument:
- Introduction: Establish common ground with your audience by acknowledging their concerns and viewpoints.
- Opposing Viewpoints: Fairly and objectively present the opposing arguments, showing that you understand and respect their perspectives.
- Concessions: Acknowledge any strengths or valid points in the opposing arguments.
- Transition: Smoothly shift the discussion to your own perspective, offering evidence and reasoning to support your position.
- Solutions: Propose solutions that address the concerns of both sides and aim for a mutually acceptable outcome.
- Conclusion: Emphasize the benefits and advantages of your proposed solutions and appeal for understanding and support.