Hand puppets are controlled by the puppeteer's hands, with the puppeteer's fingers inside the puppet's head and arms. The puppeteer uses their hands to move the puppet's head, mouth, and arms, and can also use their fingers to create different facial expressions.
Rod puppets are controlled by rods attached to the puppet's head, arms, and legs. The puppeteer holds the rods and moves them to make the puppet move. Rod puppets are often used for larger puppets or puppets that need to be moved quickly and precisely.
Marionettes are controlled by strings attached to the puppet's head, arms, and legs. The puppeteer holds the strings and moves them to make the puppet move. Marionettes are often used for very detailed puppets or puppets that need to be moved in complex ways.
In addition to these basic techniques, puppeteers may also use other methods to control the muppets, such as electronic mechanisms, radio control, or even their own body movements. With their skill and creativity, puppeteers can bring the muppets to life and create memorable performances.