While not explicitly stated, J.R.R. Tolkien himself acknowledged that Gandalf's character was inspired by the philosopher Plato.
Here's why:
* Gandalf's role as a teacher: Gandalf acts as a mentor and guide to Frodo and the other hobbits, sharing wisdom and knowledge. This echoes Plato's concept of the philosopher-king, who uses wisdom and knowledge to guide the people.
* Gandalf's focus on ideals and truth: Gandalf is a strong advocate for justice and goodness, fighting against the forces of darkness and corruption. This aligns with Plato's emphasis on achieving the good life, guided by reason and virtue.
* Gandalf's connection to the unseen world: Gandalf's knowledge of the unseen world, his ability to wield magic, and his communication with beings beyond the mortal realm, reflect Plato's ideas of the Forms, a realm of eternal, perfect, and unchanging concepts that exist beyond the physical world.
While Tolkien's work is a complex and nuanced fantasy world, it's clear that he drew upon philosophical influences, including Plato, to shape the character of Gandalf.