* Centralization of power: Ivan I began the process of centralizing power in Russia, which was divided into many small principalities. He conquered neighboring principalities and brought them under his control, and he also established a new system of government that made him the supreme ruler of Russia.
* Expansion of territory: Ivan I also expanded Russian territory, particularly to the east. He conquered the Khanate of Kazan and the Khanate of Astrakhan, which gave Russia control over the Volga River and access to the Caspian Sea.
* The beginning of serfdom: Ivan I also introduced serfdom, a system in which peasants were bound to the land and could not leave without their lord's permission. This system helped to ensure a stable labor force for the Russian economy.
Peter the Great:
* Westernization: Peter the Great was a great admirer of Western Europe, and he sought to westernize Russia in many ways. He introduced Western European fashions, customs, and technologies, and he also encouraged Russian nobles to travel to Western Europe and learn about its culture.
* The Great Northern War: Peter the Great fought the Great Northern War against Sweden, which resulted in Russia gaining control of the Baltic Sea and becoming a major European power.
* The Petrine Reforms: Peter the Great introduced a series of reforms that modernized Russia, including the establishment of a new system of government, the creation of a standing army and navy, and the development of a new educational system.
The reigns of Ivan I and Peter the Great were both important periods in Russian history. Ivan I laid the foundation for a centralized Russian state, while Peter the Great westernized Russia and made it a major European power.