Those who believe in the allegorical interpretation often draw parallels between the characters and events in the book and real-life people, situations, or ideas. For example, the White Rabbit could represent anxiety or time management, the Mad Hatter could represent chaos or madness, and the Queen of Hearts could represent authority or tyranny.
However, it is also possible to interpret the story as a nonsensical, whimsical adventure without attributing specific allegorical meanings to each element. Carroll's writing is known for its playfulness, wordplay, and imagination, and he often wrote to amuse himself and entertain his young readers.
Ultimately, whether or not one chooses to interpret Alice in Wonderland as an allegory is a matter of personal perspective. There is no definitive answer, and both allegorical and non-allegorical interpretations can be valid and enjoyable ways of engaging with the story.
It's worth noting that many works of literature, including children's stories, can have multiple layers of meaning and can be interpreted on different levels, from the literal to the symbolic or allegorical.