Lack of Evidence: Claudius does not have concrete evidence of Hamlet's actions that would justify swift and harsh punishment. Hamlet has not committed any overt act of treason or rebellion, and his madness or melancholy state could be seen as a mitigating factor. Without solid proof, Claudius cannot take drastic measures without risking backlash from the public or Hamlet's supporters.
Hamlet's Popularity: Despite his strange behavior, Hamlet is well-liked and respected by the people of Denmark. He is seen as the rightful heir to the throne, and any attempt to harm him could lead to widespread discontent and even rebellion. Claudius is cautious about taking actions that might incite the public against him, as he is already facing legitimacy issues due to his questionable rise to power.
Political Consequences: Claudius is aware that taking harsh measures against Hamlet could have severe political consequences. Hamlet has powerful allies, including influential nobles and the support of the common people. If Claudius were to act rashly, he risks creating more enemies and destabilizing his own position as king.
Guilt and Conscience: Claudius is guilt-ridden over the murder of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet. He is aware of the moral implications of his actions and may hesitate to take further violent steps, fearing divine retribution or tarnishing his reputation further.
Fear of Exposure: Claudius is afraid that if he acts too aggressively against Hamlet, he might expose his own involvement in King Hamlet's murder. Hamlet is suspicious of Claudius and has begun to investigate his father's death. Claudius fears that taking drastic action against Hamlet could lead to the truth being revealed and his downfall.
Therefore, Claudius must proceed cautiously and seek alternative means to deal with Hamlet, considering the political, social, and personal factors at play.