Costumes: The clothing worn by the actors portrays the characters' identities, social status, historical period, and the era in which the play is set. Costumes can create a sense of realism, evoke emotions, and provide clues about the characters' personalities.
Makeup: Makeup is employed to accentuate the actors' facial features, enhance character portrayals, and create special effects. It can involve alterations to skin tone, the addition of facial hair or prosthetics, and the application of various beauty or aging effects.
Wigs and Hair: Wigs or changes to the actors' hairstyles play an important role in evoking specific periods, cultural backgrounds, or character identities. They can transform actors into completely different individuals, supporting the visual depiction of the narrative.
Props: These are handheld or usable items carried or used by the actors during a performance. Props serve multiple functions, such as indicating a character's occupation, status, or hobbies, establishing a setting, facilitating actions or dialogue, and creating a sense of authenticity.
Sets: Sets include all visual components of the theatrical environment, such as backdrop scenery, furniture, and architectural elements. They contribute to the play's ambiance and transport the audience to the designated time and place of the story. Sets can be elaborate, minimalistic, realistic, or symbolically abstract, depending on the production's artistic vision.
Lighting: The thoughtful employment of lighting is crucial in creating atmosphere, guiding the audience's focus, and evoking emotions. Lighting designers use intensity, color, directionality, and special effects to enhance the storytelling, support character development, and create dramatic tension.
Sound: Sound encompasses musical elements and sound effects that enhance the theatrical experience. Music sets the mood, creates transitions between scenes, and highlights turning points in the narrative. Sound effects bring the setting to life, simulate distant events, and emphasize particular moments within the production.
External decoration works together to support the director's interpretation of the play and to create a comprehensive theatrical experience that impacts the audience on a visual and emotional level.