1. Main Theme: The iconic main theme associated with E.T. is characterized by its high-pitched, ethereal melody played on a synthesizer. This theme represents E.T.'s presence and creates a sense of wonder, mystery, and otherworldliness.
2. Sudden Shifts in Dynamics: Williams uses sudden and dramatic shifts in the volume and intensity of the music to create moments of shock and surprise. This technique is particularly effective in scenes where E.T. is discovered or when the characters face danger.
3. Dissonant Harmonies: Williams incorporates dissonant and unexpected harmonies into the score to heighten the feeling of unease and tension. These dissonant chords create an unsettling atmosphere, reflecting the characters' uncertainty and fear.
4. Use of Synthesizers: The extensive use of synthesizers in the score adds to the otherworldly and futuristic feel of the film. The electronic sounds create an atmosphere that is both enchanting and unsettling, blurring the line between reality and fantasy.
5. Building to Crescendos: Williams masterfully builds certain musical sequences to powerful crescendos, gradually increasing the intensity and volume. These crescendos culminate in moments of high suspense, such as E.T.'s escape or the climactic bicycle chase scene.
6. Syncopated Rhythms: Syncopated rhythms and irregular patterns are used to disrupt the natural flow of the music and create a sense of urgency and instability. These rhythms convey the characters' feelings of being chased or in danger.
7. Minimalistic Soundscapes: In some scenes, Williams employs sparse and minimalistic soundscapes, consisting of faint electronic sounds or distant whispers. These moments of quiet can be even more unsettling than loud, dramatic passages, as they create a sense of anticipation and make the audience listen intently for any hint of danger.
Overall, John Williams' score for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial seamlessly blends wonder, suspense, and heart, elevating the film's emotional impact and cementing its place as one of the most memorable and iconic film scores of all time.