1. Rejection of Idol Worship: All three movements rejected the traditional practice of idol worship and emphasized the worship of a Supreme Being or Brahman without any form or image. They believed in a monotheistic concept of God and sought to purify Hinduism by eliminating what they saw as corrupt and superstitious practices.
2. Influence of Western Thought: These movements were influenced by Western ideas, particularly the rationalism and monotheism of Christianity. They sought to reform Hinduism by incorporating modern scientific knowledge and philosophical concepts while retaining its core spiritual teachings.
3. Social Reform: All three movements were involved in various social reform activities, such as promoting women's rights, education, and widow remarriage. They aimed to address social injustices and inequalities prevalent in Indian society and bring about positive social change.
4. Emphasis on Education: Education was a central aspect of these movements. They established schools and colleges to spread modern education, promote intellectual inquiry, and nurture critical thinking among their followers. Education was seen as a tool to empower individuals, challenge traditional beliefs, and foster social progress.
5. Nationalist Sentiments: These movements contributed to the growing sense of nationalism in India. They promoted cultural pride, self-respect, and the revival of India's ancient heritage. Their efforts played a role in the struggle for independence from colonial rule.
Despite these common features, each movement had its distinct theological and philosophical orientations, as well as different approaches to social reform and religious practices. However, their collective impact on Indian society was profound, leading to significant changes in religious thought, social attitudes, and the overall cultural landscape of India.