Conflict and Tension: Ismene's role in the play creates conflict and tension by opposing Antigone's decision to defy Creon's order and bury their brother Polyneices. Antigone's determination to honor the gods' laws and her brother's memory clashes with Ismene's fear of the consequences and desire to avoid trouble. This conflict drives the plot forward and adds depth to the exploration of themes such as loyalty, family, and civil disobedience.
Moral Complexity: Ismene's character presents a moral dilemma that complicates the play's ethical framework. While Antigone's actions are driven by her strong moral principles, Ismene raises valid concerns about the dangers of defying the state's authority and the potential harm it could bring to their family. Her presence challenges the audience to consider the complexities of moral choices and the tension between individual conscience and societal norms.
Character Foil: Ismene serves as a foil to Antigone, highlighting the differences in their personalities, values, and responses to the crisis. Antigone is depicted as courageous, principled, and willing to sacrifice her own life for what she believes in. Ismene, on the other hand, is more cautious, pragmatic, and fearful of the consequences. By contrasting these two sisters, Sophocles explores the spectrum of human responses to adversity and moral challenges.
Dramatic Irony: Ismene's interactions with Antigone create moments of dramatic irony where the audience is aware of information or consequences that the characters themselves do not yet fully grasp. For instance, when Ismene tries to dissuade Antigone from her plan, the audience knows that Antigone's actions will ultimately lead to her downfall, adding a sense of suspense and tragedy to the play.
Overall, the character of Ismene provides a counterbalance to Antigone's unwavering resolve, deepens the exploration of moral dilemmas, and enhances the dramatic tension and complexity of Sophocles' play.