1. Social Class System: The play is set in Edwardian England of the early 1900s, where a rigid social class system existed, with a strong hierarchy and clear lines between the upper class, middle class, and lower class. Understanding this social structure is essential to appreciate the transformations undergone by the characters.
2. Phonetics and Dialectology: Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl, is transformed by Professor Henry Higgins, a phonetics expert. Higgins believes that speech patterns and accents reveal a person's social class and background. Having some understanding of phonetics and dialects can help in appreciating Higgins's methods and their impact on Eliza's transformation.
3. Greek Mythology and the Pygmalion Myth: The title of the play, Pygmalion, alludes to the Greek myth of Pygmalion, a sculptor who falls in love with his creation, a statue that comes to life. This myth highlights themes of creation, transformation, and the relationship between art and reality, which are relevant to Shaw's play.
4. Social Critique and Class Consciousness: Shaw's play serves as a critique of Victorian society's class-based prejudices, the superficiality of social conventions, and the rigid morality that governed upper-class behavior. Having an understanding of these societal criticisms will help delve deeper into the play's themes and messages.
5. Feminism and Women's Rights: The play presents Eliza's journey as a narrative of empowerment and self-discovery. Shaw was known for his support of women's rights and feminist ideals. Familiarity with these views can provide insights into Eliza's transformation and her emerging voice.
6. Dramatist Conventions: "Pygmalion" is presented as a "Romance in Five Acts," drawing inspiration from the traditional comedic structures of the time. Some familiarity with these conventions, such as character archetypes, mistaken identities, and conflicts resolved through love, will enhance the understanding and appreciation of the play.
By possessing this knowledge, audiences can delve into the deeper meanings and nuances of George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion," allowing for a more comprehensive and insightful interpretation of the play.