1. Whistle: A mellow and clear whistle, often used as a contact call or during territorial displays. It can be a single, short note or a series of whistles in quick succession.
2. Trill: A rapid series of high-pitched notes that sound like a quick, bubbling trill. This vocalization is commonly associated with courtship and territorial defense.
3. Buzz: A low-pitched and vibrating sound, created by rapidly fluttering their wings. It's typically heard during courtship displays, particularly when the male is trying to attract a female.
4. Song: Male lark buntings have a more elaborate and complex song, especially during the breeding season. Their songs consist of a series of musical phrases, often starting with a high-pitched note followed by a cascade of descending notes. The songs can be quite distinctive and vary regionally, but generally consist of a mix of whistles, trills, and warbling sounds.
5. Call: In addition to their songs, lark buntings also have specific calls for different situations. For instance, they may use a sharp and loud "chip" call as an alarm or when startled. They also have a "chit" call that is used for flocking and maintaining contact with other individuals.
It's important to note that the exact sounds and vocalizations of lark buntings can vary depending on the species, geographical location, and individual differences.