1. Irony: The use of words or phrases that convey a meaning opposite to their literal meaning. It can be verbal, situational, or dramatic. For example, a politician known for corruption giving a speech on honesty.
2. Exaggeration: Overstating or magnifying certain aspects of a subject to highlight its absurdity. Think of a political cartoon portraying a politician as a caricature with a giant head and tiny body.
3. Humour: The use of wit, sarcasm, or absurdity to make the audience laugh or smile. This can be subtle, dark, or slapstick, depending on the type of satire.
4. Criticism: The underlying purpose of satire is to criticize or expose the flaws and failings of individuals, institutions, or society. This can be done through ridicule, mockery, or even a gentle nudge.
Important Note: These elements don't always appear in equal measure. Some satire might be more heavy on irony, while others rely more on exaggeration. The specific mix determines the tone and effectiveness of the satire.