1. Soprano: The highest female voice, characterized by its light and clear tone. Sopranos often sing the lead melodies in choral works and operas.
2. Mezzo-soprano: A female voice that is lower in range than a soprano, but still relatively high-pitched. Mezzo-sopranos often sing supporting roles in operas and choral works, and can also be found in jazz and popular music.
3. Alto: The lowest female voice, characterized by its rich and warm tone. Altos often sing the harmony parts in choral works and operas, and can also be found in jazz and popular music.
4. Tenor: The highest male voice, characterized by its bright and powerful tone. Tenors often sing the lead melodies in choral works and operas, and can also be found in jazz and popular music.
5. Baritone: A male voice that is lower in range than a tenor, but still relatively high-pitched. Baritones often sing supporting roles in operas and choral works, and can also be found in jazz and popular music.
6. Bass: The lowest male voice, characterized by its deep and resonant tone. Basses often sing the lowest harmony parts in choral works and operas, and can also be found in jazz and popular music.
In addition to these six main types of singing voices, there are also a number of other sub-categories, such as spinto, lyric, and coloratura soprano; dramatic, lyric, and leggero mezzo-soprano; and basso profundo, heldentenor, and buffo bass.
The different types of singing voices are determined by a number of factors, including the length and thickness of the vocal cords, the size and shape of the vocal tract, and the singer's overall physical development. Each voice type has its own unique strengths and weaknesses, and singers typically choose to develop and train their voices in a way that highlights their natural abilities.