1. Rapid Pitch Variation: Vibrato involves fluctuating between slightly higher and lower pitches at a consistent rate. The singer's voice slightly oscillates around the primary note's pitch, adding depth and warmth.
2. Speed and Width: The speed of vibrato is measured in cycles per second (cps) or Hertz (Hz). A typical vibrato speed for classical singing ranges from 5 to 7 cycles per second. The width refers to the extent to which the pitch fluctuates above and below the central note.
3. Vocal Cord Movement: Vibrato occurs due to the precise coordination between the vocal cords and the respiratory system. As the singer exhales, the vocal cords vibrate at varying rates, resulting in the oscillation of pitch.
4. Richness and Expression: Vibrato can add richness, emotional depth, and resonance to a sung note. It can create a sense of stability, especially when holding longer notes.
5. Not Mandatory: While often considered a desirable technique, it's important to note that vibrato is not essential for all types of singing. Certain musical styles, such as traditional folk or pop music, may employ different vocal techniques.
6. Control and Training: Vibrato can be developed and controlled through vocal training. Singers work on achieving a relaxed, consistent, and controlled vibrato that complements their vocal style and the overall artistic expression of the song.
7. Natural and Forced Vibrato: Some singers naturally have a vibrato in their voices, while others may need to develop this technique through exercises and training.
8. Expressiveness: Skilled singers can use vibrato as a tool for expressive nuances. Varying the speed and width of the vibrato can convey different emotions and provide musical interpretation to a song.
Overall, vibrato is a vocal technique that adds dimension, expressiveness, and a distinctive character to a singer's voice. It's an essential aspect of classical singing and is widely considered a hallmark of vocal skill and artistry.