According to The Association of Independent Music, a major label is a multinational company which has more than 5 percent of the world market for the sale of records and music videos. The major labels are currently Sony Music Entertainment, Warner, EMI and Universal Music Group.
Major labels own their own distribution channels. Independent labels sign deals with distribution companies to get their artists' records into music stores.
Major labels have widespread power to promote an artist on mainstream radio and video airplay. Independent labels have a smaller reach of power; the chances of getting many of their artists onto mainstream radio are slim.
Major labels are often huge music groups that own dozens of subsidiary labels. Independent labels can stand alone, or they can be owned by a major label music group.
Major labels give bands less time to achieve success than independent labels do. Independent labels have more time to devote to a new artist because they have smaller rosters.