Study the record for flaws. If the record is free of scuffs, scratches, stains or writing on the label, then the record is considered in mint condition. The album cover should be free of tears, stains, writing or split seams as well.
Tipping the record toward a light source will make it easier to see small scuffs and scratches that you wouldn't otherwise see. To be considered in near-mint condition, the record should be almost flawless in appearance. Minor scuffs are acceptable, but there should be no visible scratches. Any flaws should not be apparent when you play the record. The artwork should be perfect; and the cover should have only slight wear.
To tell the difference between near-mint condition and excellent condition, level the record on your palm at eye level. To be in near-mint condition, the record should have only slight scuffing. Excellent condition means there are more than a few small scuffs, but there are no visible scratches. The cover's outer ring should have only minor wear and no ink imperfections. There should be no seam splits or writing on the record cover.
Scan the record thoroughly for the differences between excellent and very good plus (VG+). A VG+ album will show slightly visible scuffs. The vinyl will still shine, but the flaws will be more noticeable. The album must be free of surface noise, however. The cover should be mostly free of writing, with the artwork clean but a bit more aged. The white paper will have a yellow tint but no stains or mildew damage. Minor seam wear and slight dog-eared corners are acceptable. For the record to be considered VG+, it should have fewer than four of the flaws mentioned.
Play is most important in determining if a record is in VG condition. The look of the album will not be good, but it will play well. Some surface noise is acceptable. The record will look well played but still have luster. The cover will be worn and possibly more yellow, with split seams and ring wear. The ink will have the appearance of falling snow. If the album artwork looks as if there is snow all over, the record will be considered less than VG. Some writing on the cover is acceptable.
A record is graded good if it looks well played, like it is graying and abused. The vinyl will not shine. A good record will still play, but the surface noise will be distracting. Hissing or crackling may interfere with the sound. However, it should be free of loud popping, skipping or clicks. For the record to be considered good, you must be able to enjoy it, even if you are aware of the wear. Good-grade covers will have visible wear as well. There are likely to be split seams, scotch-tape repairs, and small amounts of writing. The cover will look bad, but some of the artwork will be visible.