Explain the interval system in use today. Start with perfect intervals (unisons, fourths, fifths, and octaves), then explain the major/minor intervals (seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths).
Play the perfect ascending intervals first (lower note first), then have the student identify the interval aloud and play it himself. Do this until the student is comfortable and quick with identifying ascending intervals. Vary the speed and duration of the notes to solidify the recognition and repetition.
Repeat Step 2, but with the interval descending (higher note first).
Repeat Step 2, but play the intervals harmonically (both notes simultaneously).
Play just the major/minor intervals, and have the student again identify and repeat what you play. Do this again ascending, descending, and harmonically.
Play all intervals for recognition and repetition.
Explain the two main types of scales, major and minor, and that the third of the scale determines which it is.
Explain the proper finger pattern for playing scales.
Play fragments of scales, both ascending and descending, and have the student identify the scale as major or minor, then repeat. Start by playing the first half of the scale, then tell the student you will be playing the second half before switching.
Play full scales, having the student identify then repeat.
Explain major, minor, diminished, augmented and seventh chords.
Play just major and minor chords for recognition and repetition before adding the other three. Play the chords altogether and arpeggiated.
Use both left and right hands to spread the chords out to open voicing and have the student repeat.
Play small fragments of pieces of music, and then have the student repeat them. All music can be broken down into intervals, scales and chords, so start combining them together. Start small and simple, then add complexity.
Go through a song that the student likes, breaking it down into small sections. Have the student repeat each section, then put numerous sections together without breaks.
Play a section, then have the student transpose it (have them play the same section but starting at a different pitch). This is very difficult, but will create incredible understanding of intervals.