Cazuza was born in Rio de Janeiro into an upper-class family. His father, João Araújo, was a diplomat and his mother, Lucinha Araújo, was a lawyer. Cazuza began playing guitar at the age of 12 and writing songs at the age of 15.
In 1978, he moved to London to study film but dropped out after a few months to pursue a music career. He returned to Brazil and formed the band Barão Vermelho with Roberto Frejat, Dé Palmeira and Guto Goffi.
Barão Vermelho released its first album in 1982 and quickly became one of the most popular bands in Brazil. Cazuza's lyrics were often political and social commentary, and he became known for his outspoken personality.
He later left the band to pursue a solo career, releasing his first solo album in 1985. His solo albums were also successful and he toured extensively throughout Brazil.
In 1987, he was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, and he died of complications from the disease in 1990.
Cazuza is considered one of the most important figures in Brazilian popular music and is remembered for his talent as a songwriter and his outspoken personality.