- String instruments: Orchestras include string instruments such as violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. These instruments produce sound by vibrating strings with a bow.
- Harp: The harp is a stringed instrument that produces sound by plucking the strings with the fingers.
- Piano: The piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound by hammers striking strings.
- Timpani: Timpani are large, kettle-like drums that are tuned to different pitches.
- Other percussion instruments: Orchestras may also include a variety of other percussion instruments, such as cymbals, gongs, and xylophones.